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Abstract:
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Weed control is essential for a successful establishment and growth of tree seedlings in former
agricultural land. Weed control methods are effective but can be costly in terms of time, damage to nontarget
vegetation, or increased soil erosion. Alternatively, some living mulches can exclude undesirable
vegetation, protect the soil, compete minimally with associated trees, and supplement soil nitrogen, but
there is a lack of knowledge on living mulch systems in Mediterranean afforestation. Thus, the objective
of the present study was to evaluate the effects on Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus
L.), wild olive (Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris Brot.) and terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) seedlings of
wrinkled medick (Medicago rugosa Desr.) mulch. Survival, growth, photosynthesis, foliar nutrient and soil
parameters were measured during the first year. 36 months after planting, seedlings in the living mulch
had survival rates of between 60% for mastic tree and 8.3% for Holm oak, compared with survival rates of
70% in the mechanical treatment for mastic tree and 2% for Holm oak. Photosynthesis and foliar nutrient
concentrations were improved by the living mulch treatment. The soil under the living mulch had higher
CEC, soil organic matter levels and nitrogen content in comparison to the cultivated soil. The response of
living mulch differs between species and environmental conditions but our study suggests a positive
effect due to soil protection. Living mulch may be a promise alternative for use in Mediterranean
afforestation programs. |